PSG has now claimed the prestigious cup on fourteen separate times.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the match featuring the French league winners and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille fired two times in the closing moments to take a shock advantage. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital leveler in the final seconds to send the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for PSG to seal a 4-1 penalty win.
The record winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the past 13 years.